FLASC: Federated LoRA with Sparse Communication

FLASC is a federated LoRA fine-tuning method that combines low-rank adaptation with sparse top-K gradient communication, reducing inter-device communication overhead in cross-device federated learning. Unlike prior sparse LoRA approaches, it avoids the accuracy degradation and counterproductive communication cost increases that come from imposing sparsity alone.

Abstract

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a promising method for finetuning models in communication-constrained settings such as cross-device federated learning (FL). Prior work has explored ways to improve the efficiency of LoRA in federated settings by imposing additional sparsity constraints. However, existing methods for sparse LoRA not only harm accuracy but can in fact increase overall communication costs. We instead propose FLASC, a simple composite method that consists of a PEFT method and compression algorithm. First, we demonstrate that FLASC as a combination of LoRA and sparse Top-K communication outperforms baselines of using a lower LoRA rank or pruning LoRA weights. Second, FLASC-Search efficiently searches the space of rank-and-sparsity configurations by first tuning sparsity at a low rank and then transferring to higher ranks. Across four FL datasets, we demonstrate that FLASC outperforms existing sparse LoRA methods with up to 20% higher accuracy or 10x less communication. Overall, FLASC is a simple yet competitive baseline which can be easily extended to more advanced PEFT and compression methods in the future